There are some surviving records. One is on the History Matters website of George Mason University. "Deaf and Unemployed in Dubuque: The DiMarcos Remember the Great Depression," is reprinted from the book The Great Depression (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1960), pp. 163171. In it, the couple describes how they managed to survive despite the unwillingness of employers to hire deaf people, through a combination of relief, odd jobs, and the kindness of others.
The Great Depression was also experienced by a real-life child of deaf parents, Lila Worzel Miller. Miller described her childhood in her book "The Best of Both Worlds: A Not-So-Silent Life."
The Depression gets a brief mention in chapter 6 of the Gallaudet University Press book "Illusions of Equality: Deaf Americans in School and Factory 1850-1950."
The nonfiction book "Sounds Like Home: Growing Up Black and Deaf in the South" read review) also describes deaf life during the Great Depression.
Do you know any deaf people who lived through the Great Depression? I would love to have their experiences to add to this article.

